At December 31, 2017, operating leases having initial or remaining non-cancelable terms in excess of one year are as follows:
| 2016 | 2017 | |||
| Not later than 1 year | 170 | 162 | ||
| Between 1 and 5 years | 305 | 173 | ||
| Later than 5 years | – | – | ||
| Total | 475 | 335 |
Lease payments recognized in the expenses were €195 for the year ended December 31, 2017 (2016: € 200).
With respect to certain Dutch subsidiaries, ASMI has assumed joint and several liability in accordance with Article 403, Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.
ASMI forms a fiscal unity (tax group for corporate income tax purposes) together with its Dutch subsidiaries for purposes of Dutch tax laws and is as such jointly and severally liable for the tax debts of the unity. The tax unity consists of ASM International NV and the following subsidiaries:
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